Estimated casualties from nuclear detonation modeling for trauma only, radiation only injury, and combined injury (radiation plus trauma). Unshielded persons would receive large enough radiation doses to cause death from radiation illness within two months (Von Hippel, 1983). Population density of this area is 200 persons per square kilometer, with one populated place per four square kilometers. Additional targeting difficulties would flow from the fact that roads naturally pass through these cities, towns, and villages and therefore so would many of the military units that would be the targets of battlefield nuclear weapons. In many cases, the roads between towns would be crowded with refugees. Finally, attacking military forces might use urban and refugee “hugging” tactics so as to discourage the use of battlefield nuclear weapons against themselves (Bracken, 1979).

The critical need for public information campaigns for mass casualty response.

Interim Staff Guidance Emergency Planning Exemption Requests for Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants. Emergency Planning and Preparedness for Nuclear Power Reactors,” describes acceptable methods for implementing the regulations. Guidance on Making Changes to Emergency Plans for Nuclear Power Reactors. Planning Basis for the Development of State and Local Government Radiological Emergency Response Plans in Support of Light Water Nuclear Power Plants. Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plant, Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants – Criteria for Utility Offsite Planning and Preparedness. Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants – Criteria for Emergency Planning in an Early Site Permit Application. Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants – Guidance for Protective Action Strategies. Functional Criteria for Emergency Response Facilities. Clarification of TMI Action Plan Requirements – Requirements for Emergency Response Capability. Methodology for Evaluation of Emergency Response Facilities. Guidance for Assessing Exemption Requests from the Nuclear Power Plant Licensed Operator Staffing Requirements Specified in 10 CFR 50.54(m). State of the Art in Evacuation Time Estimate Studies for Nuclear Power Plants. Development of Evacuation Time Estimate Studies for Nuclear Power Plants. Identification and Analysis of Factors Affecting Emergency Evacuations. Review of NUREG-0654, Supplement 3, ‘Criteria for Protective Action Recommendations for Severe Accidents


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